Hemingway Bibliogrpahy

Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21,1899 and died on July 2,1961. He was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. He began his successful career a few months after he finished Oak Park and River Forest High School when he was only seventeen. He got a job as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City. On April 6, 1917 the United States entered into World War 1. After writing for the newspaper, Hemingway took an opportunity to go to the Italian Front and become a volunteer ambulance driver in the Italian army. Since he was on the front lines of war, he became seriously injured by a trench mortar and machine gun, and spent a large amount of time in hospitals. He then returned to the United States, and he became a reporter for American and Canadian newspapers.  The newspaper job sent him back to Europe to record and write about the Greek Revolution. On September 3, 1921 he married Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, who turned out to be the first of four wives.  The couple traveled on a boat to Paris, France, because his friend Sherwood Anderson recommended visiting Paris, because of the influential opportunity in writing there. He worked as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star. He luckily met writers and artists such as: Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound. The motivation from the different writers and artists led to the publication of Hemingway's first book in 1923, Three Stories and Ten Poems. It was a good year for the Hemingways on October 10, as their first child, Jack Hemingway was born. In May of 1925 Hemingway met F. Scott Fitzgerald at the Dingo Bar in Paris. This was only two weeks after The Great Gatsby had become published. But sadly, later on in life their friendship ended due to professional rivalry and a feud between Hemingway and Fitzgerald's wife Zelda. In 1926 Hemingway's first novel got published, The Sun Also Rises. The novel is critically acclaimed and became immensely successful. On April 4, 1927 Ernest Hemingway divorced Elizabeth Hadley. Within one month later, Hemmingway married his second wife Pauline Pfeiffer, and she was a fashion writer. Also in 1927 the short story collection, Men Without Women was published. The newlyweds chose to leave Paris and move to Key West, Florida. The couple had a child together named Patrick, and he was born on June twenty eighth. Hemingway's father Clarence committed suicide on December 6th, 1928. When Hemmingway found this out he was utterly destroyed, and this was a major event in Hemingway’s life. To distract himself he finished writing A Farewell To Arms, and it became published in 1929. The novel became extremely successful, and Hemingway became financially independent. In 1932, Hemingway traveled to Spain to study and research bullfighting for his nonfiction book, Death in the Afternoon. In 1933, Pauline and Ernest took a trip to Kenya, Africa. Here they went on a ten-week safari. The cotenant of Africa was very influential and inspired him to write the 1935 book, Green Hills of Africa and the short stories, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. In 1937, the To Have and Have Not novel became published. North American Newspaper Alliance had Hemingway travel to Spain to report on Spanish Civil War. He became anti-Franco and got a job narrating an antifascist propaganda film "The Spanish Earth." In 1938, (the only full length play that he wrote), The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories are published. On November 4th, 1940 Hemingway divorced Pauline. Within three weeks after that he married journalist Martha Gellhorn. The couple settles in Finca Vigia in a beautiful Cuban estate. For Whom the Bell Tolls The Spanish Civil War novel is published this year as well. In the 1940s, the United States entered World War II. Hemingway volunteered himself to the Navy with the use of his boat Pilar. He stocked it with guns to hunt German submarines off the coast of Cuba. (He was awarded a Bronze Star for his service in 1947, even though he did not fire at any submarines.)   In 1944, a rivalry with his wife grew to be competitive, since they were both accomplished war correspondents, this lead to their divorce on December 21, 1945.  Yet again he went on to marry another war correspondent. Her name was Mary Welsh; she was his fourth and last wife, on March 14, 1946. On 19 August, she suffered a miscarriage due to an ectopic pregnancy. They could not have any children together. In 1950, his Across the River and Into the Trees novel became published. This was the most poorly reviewed novel throughout his whole career. On June 28, 1951 his mother Grace died. On September 1, 1952 The Old Man and the Sea got published in Life magazine. The story of Santiago the fisherman brought Hemingway commercial and critical success. This work caused Hemingway to become awarded the Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea in 1953. One of his highest honors was when Hemingway won the Nobel Prize. He was only the fifth American author to receive this award in literature. Hemingway was sadly not able to go to Stockholm and receive his award because he was recovering from serious wounds he received from the two separate plane crashes and a bushfire accident earlier in the year. The American ambassador John C. Cabot accepted the prize on his behalf and read Hemingway’s speech to the spectators. In 1961, he left Cuba forever because Fidel Castro communist leader rose to power. The Cuban government takes possession of his home (later turned this house into a Hemingway museum). After a lifelong battle with depression, alcoholism, and physical ailments, he tragically committed suicide July 2, 1961. He killed himself with the use of a shotgun at his home in Ketchum, Idaho.  He had a Catholic burial, and was buried in Ketchum. After his tragic death he still had some works published. 1970 Hemingway's novel Islands in the Stream was published. In 1972 Hemingway's short story collection The Nick Adams Stories was published .In 1986 Hemingway's novel The Garden of Eden was published. In 1999 True at First Light: a Fictional Memoir, edited by Hemingway's son Patrick, was published.

Work Cited for this blog:

“Ernest Hemingway - Biographical.” Nobelprize.org, www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-bio.html.

“Ernest Hemingway's Life Timeline.” Timetoast, www.timetoast.com/timelines/ernest-hemingways-life--3.

“Literary Baby Names: The Hemingway Family Tree.” Nameberry - Baby Name Blog, 28 Apr. 2016, nameberry.com/blog/literary-baby-names-the-hemingway-family-tree.


Pictures from: 
“Ernest Hemingway.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Apr. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway.